Anuradhapura Sri Lanka is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and one of the most sacred cities in the world. As one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities, it holds a rich history, magnificent ancient structures, and deep spiritual significance.
Located in the North Central Province, Anuradhapura Sri Lanka was the first capital of the country and remains a beacon of Buddhist heritage, drawing thousands of travelers and devotees every year.
In this guide, we will explore the historical significance of Anuradhapura Sri Lanka, its role as a religious and tourist hub, and essential travel tips to help visitors experience its timeless beauty.
Historical Significance of Anuradhapura
The Rise of Anuradhapura as a Buddhist Center
Founded in the 4th century BCE by King Pandukabhaya, Anuradhapura Sri Lanka served as the capital for over 1,300 years. It became a major religious center after the introduction of Buddhism by Mahinda Thero, son of Emperor Ashoka of India, during the reign of King Devanampiya Tissa in the 3rd century BCE.
As Buddhism spread, many stupas, monasteries, and reservoirs were built to support the monastic community and its devotees.
Sacred Sites and Monuments in Anuradhapura
🏛 Sri Maha Bodhi – The sacred Bodhi tree, believed to be a sapling from the original Bodhi tree in India, under which the Buddha attained enlightenment.
🛕 Ruwanwelisaya Stupa – Built by King Dutugemunu, this grand stupa is one of the most revered Buddhist structures in Sri Lanka.
🏛 Jetavanaramaya Stupa – Once the tallest stupa in the world, built by King Mahasena in the 3rd century CE.
🛕 Abhayagiri Monastery – A major monastic complex that housed thousands of monks during the Anuradhapura period.
🏛 Thuparamaya Dagoba – The first Buddhist stupa in Sri Lanka, enshrining a relic of the Buddha.
🛕 Isurumuniya Temple – Famous for its beautiful rock carvings, including the ‘Lovers’ sculpture.
🏛 Mihintale – The sacred mountain where Buddhism was first introduced to Sri Lanka.
🛕 Samadhi Buddha Statue – A remarkable statue depicting the Buddha in deep meditation.
🏛 Twin Ponds (Kuttam Pokuna) – Ancient bathing ponds built for Buddhist monks.
The Decline and Rediscovery of Anuradhapura
After centuries of prosperity, Anuradhapura Sri Lanka was abandoned in the 10th century CE due to South Indian invasions. The city was rediscovered in the 19th century during British colonial rule, leading to archaeological excavations and restorations that continue today.
The Present Situation in Anuradhapura
Modern-Day Pilgrimage and Worship
Today, Anuradhapura Sri Lanka remains a sacred pilgrimage destination for Buddhists worldwide. Thousands of devotees visit annually to pay homage to the ancient stupas and temples. The Sri Maha Bodhi tree is particularly significant, with Buddhist rituals performed daily.
Tourism and Attractions in Anuradhapura
🚴 Sacred City Tour – Explore the ancient ruins via tuk-tuk, bicycle, or guided tours.
🐆 Wildlife Safaris – Visit Wilpattu National Park to see leopards, elephants, and exotic birds.
🛍 Local Markets – Discover authentic Sri Lankan crafts, spices, and local delicacies.
🌾 Paddy Fields and Lakes – Relax in the serene landscapes surrounding the city.
Accommodation and Dining in Anuradhapura
🏨 Luxury: Ulagalla Resort, Heritage Hotel Anuradhapura
🏡 Mid-Range: Aryana Boutique Hotel, Avasta Resort & Spa
🛏 Budget: Little Paradise Tourist Guest House, Goalma Family Guest House
🍛 What to Eat:
- Rice & Curry – Sri Lanka’s signature meal with a variety of spicy flavors.
- Kottu Roti – A must-try street food delight made with chopped roti, vegetables, and spices.
- Buffalo Curd & Treacle – A sweet, creamy dessert loved by locals.
Travel Guide for Visitors to Anuradhapura
Best Time to Visit Anuradhapura
The best time to visit Anuradhapura Sri Lanka is between December and April, when the weather is dry and pleasant for sightseeing.
How to Reach Anuradhapura
🚆 By Train: Take a scenic train ride from Colombo to Anuradhapura.
🚌 By Bus: Regular bus services operate from major cities across Sri Lanka.
🚗 By Car or Tuk-Tuk: Rent a private vehicle for flexible travel.
Local Etiquette and Cultural Tips
✔ Dress modestly when visiting temples and religious sites.
✔ Remove footwear before entering sacred areas.
✔ Respect Buddhist customs by avoiding loud noises.
✔ Stay hydrated and wear sun protection as the weather can be hot and humid.
Conclusion
Anuradhapura Sri Lanka is a living symbol of the country’s spiritual and historical heritage. Whether you’re a history enthusiast, religious pilgrim, or curious traveler, this ancient city offers a truly unforgettable experience.
With its well-preserved ruins, sacred Buddhist sites, and serene landscapes, Anuradhapura Sri Lanka remains a testament to Sri Lanka’s glorious past.
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